a. Ashcraft, W. M. “Victorian Manhood and Theosophical Gentleman: Reconsiderations from an Occult Perspective.” Abstract: This paper examines the Theosophical Victorian man in the concept of having rejected Judeo-Christian themes and having chosen to live by this alternate religious belief of inner knowledge or esotericism. b. Bloch, Enid. Sex Between Men and Boys in Classical Greece: Was it Education for Citizenship or Child Abuse? c. Blondeau, R. Dams, Politics, and Masculinity or, Short-haired Women and Long-haired Men: A Reanalysis of Hetch-Hetchy, 1901 – 1913. Abstract: The closing of the American frontier and the development of urban centers served as ideological challenges to white American masculinity and coalesced in the burgeoning environmental concerns of the early 20th century U.S. A specific example was the contentious question was the struggle from 1901 to 1913 over the damming Yosemite Park’s Toulumne River, thereby flooding Hetch-Hetchy valley to provide hydroelectric power to San Francisco. In this controversy, one sees the tension between conversation and preservation, particularly between the (un)official representations of these worldviews, Gifford Pinchot and John Muir. d. Henningham, Nikki. “Due Consideration and Kindness”: Inter-racial Marriage on the North Queensland Frontier, 1890 – 1910. Abstract: Cases demonstrate the importance of analyzing the interconnectedness of race and masculinity in the colonial order and implications for today. e. Gardner, J. K. Masculinity in Feminist Theory: Nancy Chodorow, Absent Fathers, and Mature Masculinity. Abstract: Feminist interested in a mixed-sex, gender-just society need to keep working with men of good will. f. Kahn, M. E. The Bachelor and Other Disorderly Men During the American Founding. Abstract: The American founders used the figure of the Bachelor to represent white males who failed to invest in responsibility only to foster disorder in the ranks of men. They saw the Bachelor’s (and other disorderly men) unrestrained sexuality as a source of social disarray and a symbol for the passions that dwelled within men… The founders employed hegemonic norms of manhood to encourage consent among most white men and legitimized coercion through the criminal justice system against those they considered to be disorderly men. g. Kennedy, R. C. Male Gender Roles in Victorian America: Images of Men in Harper’s Weekly (1857 – 1872). This paper explores the depiction of male gender roles in the third quarter of the nineteenth century. Here two extremes of Victorian masculinity are explored: fathers, who stood at the pinnacle of manhood, and effeminate swells, the most socially feared countertype as seen in the pages of Harper’s Weekly.